Gupta Art

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Gupta Art


The Gupta period saw the efflorescence of Indian art and architecture, partly stimulated by new trade routes, the emergence of bhakti, and the reunification of the Indian subcontinent. This period saw the emergence of the first free-standing Hindu temples.

The period when Hindu temple traditions evolve through a rich experimental phase and 
proliferate through much of India and Nepal coincides with the reign of the Gupta Empire. 
The Gupta Period was one of great cultural ferment and creativity, partly stimulated by the 
expansion of trade routes on the Indian subcontinent as such connections enriched culture as 
well as inspiring whole new modes of creative expression.


This influx of new creativity transforms Hinduism itself in a very dynamic way. New literary 
genres such as kavya (poetry) and drama stimulate court culture. Additionally, the Hindu Epics 
take their final form around this time. But it is the Puranas – great compendiums of Hindu myth 
and history – that also emerge in the 4th century CE and radically transform Hindu cosmology 
and ritual for all time to come. This marks the beginning of Hindu theism and also coincides 
with the rise of ecstatic bhakti, as the first bhakti poets appear in the Tamil south. All of these 
creative outlets correspond with an expansion of pilgrimage networks, the rise of Shaktism and 
the transition to temples becoming the institutional centers of Hindu society at large.

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